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Action/Kinetics:
Related to the antihistamines but with weak antihistaminic properties. Less effective than the phenothiazines but has fewer side effects. Not suitable as sole agent for severe emesis. Can be used PR. Appears to control vomiting by depressing the CTZ in the medulla.
Onset: PO and IM, 10-40 min.
Duration: 3-4 hr after PO and 2-3 hr after IM. 30%-50% of drug excreted unchanged in urine in 48-72 hr.
Uses:
Nausea and vomiting.
Contraindications:
Hypersensitivity to drug, benzocaine, or similar local anesthetics. Use of suppositories for neonates; IM use in children.
Special Concerns:
Use during pregnancy only if benefits outweigh risks. Use with caution during lactation.
Side Effects:
CNS: Depression of mood, disorientation, headache, drowsiness, dizziness,
seizures, coma Parkinson-like symptoms.
Other: Hypersensitivity reactions, hypotension, blood dyscrasias, jaundice, muscle cramps, opisthotonos, blurred vision, diarrhea, allergic skin reactions.
After IM injection: Pain, burning, stinging, redness at injection site.
Drug Interactions:
Avoid use with atropine-like drugs and CNS depressants, including alcohol.
How Supplied:
Capsule: 100 mg, 250 mg;
Injection: 100 mg/mL;
Suppository: 100 mg, 200 mg
Dosage
?Capsules
Adults: 250 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.;
pediatric, 13.6-40.9 kg: 100-200 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.
?Suppositories
Adults: 200 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.;
pediatric, under 13.6 kg: 100 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.;
13.6-40.9 kg: 100-200 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.
?IM
Adults only: 200 mg t.i.d.-q.i.d.
IM route not to be used in children.
