Dorzolamide hydrochloride ophthalmic solution
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Classification: Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Action/Kinetics: Decreases aqueous humor secretion in the ciliary processes of the eye by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase. Occurs by decreasing the formation of bicarbonate ions with a reduction in sodium and fluid transport and a subsequent decrease in intraocular pressure. The drug may reach the systemic circulation, where it and the metabolite are excreted through the urine. The drug and metabolite also accumulate in RBCs. Uses: Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in those with ocular hypertension or open-angle glaucoma. Contraindications: Use with severe renal impairment (C CR < 30 mL/min) or in soft contact lens wearers as the preservative (benzalkonium chloride) may be absorbed by the lenses. Lactation. Special Concerns: Dorzolamide is a sulfonamide and, as such, may cause similar systemic reactions, including side effects and allergic reactions, as sulfonamides. Use with caution in hepatic impairment. Due to additive effects, concurrent use of dorzolamide with systemic carbonic anhydrase inhibitors is not recommended. Safety and efficacy have not been determined in children. It is possible geriatric clients may show greater sensitivity to the drug. Side Effects: Ophthalmic: Conjunctivitis, lid reactions, bacterial keratitis (due to contamination by concurrent corneal disease). Ocular burning, stinging, or discomfort immediately following administration. Also, superficial punctate keratitis, ocular allergic reaction, blurred vision, tearing, dryness, photophobia, iridocyclitis (rare). Miscellaneous: Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances (i.e., similar to systemic use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors). Also, bitter taste following instillation, headache, nausea, asthenia, fatigue. Rarely, skin rashes, urolithiasis. How Supplied: Solution: 2%
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