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Action/Kinetics:
Stable in the presence of beta-lactamase enzymes.
Peak serum levels: 2-6 hr.
t
1/2: averages 3-4 hr. About 50% excreted unchanged in the urine and approximately 10% in the bile.
Uses:
(1) Uncomplicated UTIs caused by
E. coli and
P. mirabilis. (2) Otitis media due to
H. influenzae (beta-lactamase positive and negative strains),
Moraxella catarrhalis and
S. pyogenes. (3) Pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by
S. pyogenes. (4) Acute bronchitis and acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis caused by
S. pneumoniae and
H. influenzae (beta-lactamase positive and negative strains). (5) Uncomplicated cervical or urethral gonorrhea due to
N. gonorrhoeae (both penicillinase- and non-penicillinase-producing strains).
Special Concerns:
Safe use in infants less than 6 months old has not been established.
Additional Side Effects:
GI: Flatulence.
Hepatic: Elevated alkaline phosphatase levels.
Renal: Transient increases in BUN or creatinine.
Additional Laboratory Test Interferences:
False + test for ketones using nitroprusside test.
How Supplied:
Powder for Reconstitution: 100 mg/5 mL;
Tablet: 200 mg, 400 mg
Dosage
?Oral Suspension, Tablets
Adults: Either 400 mg once daily or 200 mg q 12 hr.
Children: Either 8 mg/kg once daily or 4 mg/kg q 12 hr. Clients on renal dialysis or in whom C
CR is 21-60 mL/min, the dose should be 75% of the standard dose (i.e., 300 mg/day). If the C
CR is less than 20 mL/min, the dose should be 50% of the standard dose (i.e., 200 mg/day).
Uncomplicated gonorrhea.
One 400-mg tablet daily.
