|
Praziquantel
Praziquantel (Biltricide)
Praziquantel
(pray-zih-KWON-tell)
Pregnancy Category: B
Biltricide
(Rx)
Classification:
Anthelmintic
Action/Kinetics:
Causes increased cell permeability in the helminth, resulting in a loss of intracellular calcium with massive contractions, and paralysis of musculature with breakdown of the integrity of the organism. Also causes vacuolization and disintegration of phagocytes to the parasite, resulting in death. Maximum serum levels: 1-3 hr. t1/2: 0.8-1.5 hr. Levels in the CSF are approximately 14%-20% of the total amount of the drug in the plasma. Significant first-pass effect. Excreted primarily in the urine.
Uses:
Schistosomal infections due to Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, S. mekongi and S. hematobium. Liver flukes (Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini). Investigational: Neurocysticercosis, other tissue flukes, and intestinal cestodes. Low doses of oxamniquine and praziquantel as a single-dose treatment of schistosomiasis.
Contraindications:
Ocular cysticercosis. Lactation.
Special Concerns:
Safety in children less than 4 years of age not established.
Side Effects:
GI: Nausea, abdominal discomfort. CNS: Malaise, headache, dizziness, drowsiness. Miscellaneous: Fever, urticaria (rare). NOTE: These side effects may also be due to the helminth infection itself.
Overdose Management:
Symptoms: Extension of side effects. Treatment: Administer a fast-acting laxative.
Drug Interactions:
Hydantoins may decrease serum praziquantel levels, resulting in ineffective treatment.
How Supplied:
Tablet: 600 mg
Dosage
•Tablets
Schistosomiasis.
Three doses of 20 mg/kg as a 1-day treatment with an interval between doses not less than 4 hr or more than 6 hr.
Chonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis.
Three doses of 25 mg/kg as a 1-day treatment with an interval between doses not less than 4 hr or more than 6 hr. |
Discuss prescriptions and health topics in the new 